The ultimate guide to invertebrates, with key biological themes to show a wide range of species.

Bugs are the base of the food chain, food for just about everything else, but to start the process, they too must eat. Just like the bigger animals of the plains, there are grazers, scavengers, and predators that hunt them, termites growing fungi, and bees making their own honey.

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Bugs are the base of the food chain, food for just about everything else, but to start the process, they too must eat.

The Bug Buffet

Rutting deer and flirting love birds might be what we think of with animal courtship, but even bugs need to breed, and they face all the same challenges of winning a mate and raising their young. Some display, some caress, others fight. There are even insects that care for their young.

Rutting deer and flirting love birds might be what we think of with animal courtship, but even bugs need to breed and they face all the same challenges of winning a mate.

Breeding

Few creatures have complex levels of regimented society as social insects. Bees, termites, ants, and wasps can form armies to help them build elaborate homes, defend their territories, grow their own food, raise their young and hunt their prey.

Few creatures have complex levels of regimented society as social insects. Bees, termites, ants, and wasps can form armies to help them build an elaborate home.